Often, identical equipment is installed to act as standby in case something goes wrong with the system, such as in the case of pumps. For example, when a pump malfunctions, the spare unit can be used while the other is... (More)
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Water TreatmentReverse OsmosisIon ExchangeWater SofteningWater and Wastewater Treatment ParametersPlant DesignBoilersIn general, selection of the system to be installed depends on the operating pressure of the boiler. For low pressure boilers, ion exchange softeners are recommended, while for high pressure boilers, reverse osmosis is more recommended. Alternatively, electrodeionization may also... (More)
Seasonal variations in water treatment parameters like turbidity is normal in water treatment plants, so it is helpful to have an overview of a year's worth of data before designing your plant. If this is not done, then it is... (More)
The typical retention time in an equalization tank is 6 to 8 hours, given that the internal accessories are also properly designed.